Lychas scutilus mother with young and eating a ground spider. Close up [link]
Several hours before the beginning of birth, female scorpions assume a stilting posture. This posture is characterized by the elevation of the anterior portion of the body above the substrate. Flexing of the pedipalps and of the first two pairs of legs underneath the mesosoma, in the proximity of the genital opercula, forms what is called a ‘birth basket’. The stilting position is maintained throughout the entire parturition process. The female genital opercula open, and the young emerge one by one; the birth process is not necessarily carried out at a constant rate. The young drop into the birth basket and, after a short period of time, become active. When born enclosed in a membrane (mainly species without diverticula), they free themselves from the membrane and climb up the female’s legs or pedipalps until they reach her back. When parturition is complete and all the young have ascended and settled on the female’s back, her normal activities are renewed. Litter size is variable, ranging from 3- 4 to 105-110 young per brood. The sex-ratio is most often 1:1, but some species have ratios of 3:1 or 4:1 (female: males). The young remain with their mother until their first molt and then disperse. This may be after a further 5 to 30 days, depending on the species.